Who Supervises a Guardian?

A guardian is someone who looks after our children if we cannot do so ourselves or if our spouse is unwilling or unfit to take on the responsibility. We do have the power to appoint guardians to care for our children, but they can also supervise our elderly loved ones too. And that’s great and all, but it leaves the question of “Who is supervising the ones supervising those we care about?”

Once a guardian has been appointed by the court, the court then keeps an eye on that person. The guardian must also receive approval for any medical procedures that carry a good amount of risk to the life and well-being of the one they’re caring for. It is also necessary for them to get permission from the court for any changes in classification to the abode of the person in their care—like moving from a private residence to a nursing home, for example, and they also have to provide an annual report to the court on the status of the ward’s health.

A guardian of the property is also required in order to keep careful record of any finances, file an initial inventory, and file any yearly accountings with the court.

Even though a guardian might be less desirable than an advance directive or Powers of Attorney, there are times where it is the only option we have in order to give someone the necessary care they cannot give themselves, and to make the decisions they cannot make on their own.

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

Dealing with Combativeness

It can be extremely difficult to learn that you are no longer able to do things that once came so easy to you. If you make the decision to give your loved one in-home care—whether your family does it themselves or employs the services of a professional, you can expect to come up against some opposition. After all, no one likes not being able to do even simple tasks on their own. If your loved one is normally quite friendly and quiet, this can often be surprising. Though, it’s important to remember that when it happens, the outburst is almost certainly the result of some other condition, like dementia.

In order to be able to handle outbursts and combativeness, you’ve got to git rid of whatever is causing the issue and prompting the behavior, but you can’t deal with the problem if you don’t know what it is. That’s why it’s also vital to be patient and listen, though if they are agitated or upset, that may prevent them from forming their thoughts and speaking properly.

When you’re talking to or dealing with someone who is being combative, you should do your best to appear non-threatening, so be sure to use a calm tone of voice and try to be aware of your body language. If you seem closed off to the problem at hand, you can inadvertently cause it to escalate. Your goal should be to help the person calm down and take their mind off of what’s bothering them. That involves not only paying attention to them, but yourself as well.

There are a number of ways to do this, such as removing distractions from the environment, using different types of calming therapies, like music or interaction with animals, or perhaps even exercise or modifying the diet. Always consult with the person’s doctor prior to making any changes in that regard.

Caring for a loved one or family member that is going through dementia is tough enough as it is without also piling combativeness on top of it too. However, remember that they aren’t acting out just to cause a problem, they’re suffering from something they cannot understand, and that’s just as scary for them as it is for you, if not more so. If you’re patient, kind, and you listen to them and pay attention to things they say and do, you can help to lighten that burden and ease the struggle.

Again, this is just as much a struggle for them as it is for you, but it’s one that you can overcome if you work together. Change won’t be instantaneous; it can and will take time, but the goal for everyone should be a happier, healthier, more productive life for the elder—which will let you have happiness and peace of mind as well, and that’s just as important.

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

An Overview of the New Jersey Probate Process

As with anything involving the law, the probate process can be difficult to wrap your head around on your first go or your fifth. It’s made a little easier if you can hire an attorney experienced in the probate process, but things should go smoothly, so long as everything is in order before death.  Even if they’re not, don’t fret! Probating a will in New Jersey is divided into six steps.

  • Validating the will
  • Appointing an executor or executors
  • Taking inventory of the estate
  • Paying all claims against the estate
  • Paying all estate taxes
  • Distributing any and all remaining assets

In case that’s still a bit confusing, let’s take a closer look at some of the major steps in the probate process.

  • Obtain Probate Papers and Qualify as an Executor

Probating is a word that can look scary at first, but really, it’s just a fancy word that means determining the genuineness of a will, and this process begins after death. It can be performed either by a surrogate or the Superior Court of the county where the deceased lived when they died. A personal representative or executor can be appointed by going to the surrogate or Superior Court, though some documents are needed.

Those include: the original will, the certified death certificate, and unless the will is self-proving, at least one witness who signed the will and can prove it is his or her signature on the will.

However, if these steps are not followed properly, either the Surrogate or Superior courts can help the executor(s) in following the proper procedure to make sure that things go smoothly.

  • Inventory

Taking an inventory of the estate is the next step in the process. Basically this just means assessing the value of all the stuff in the entire estate. While the executor should be able to handle the basic things, high-value assets (homes, vehicles, land or any valuable collections, such as art) should be handled by professional appraisers that have been appointed or certified by the court.

  • Pay Claims of the Estate

It is the executor’s responsibility to notify any creditors or those with claims against the estate. Anyone who has a claim should notify the probate court within a certain time period. The executor will also be responsible for accepting or rejecting any claim as it is submitted. If it is accepted, the claim is paid out of the total value of the estate. If a claim is rejected by the executor, creditors may file a lawsuit against the estate. Once any and all claims have been dealt with and inventory is complete, it is then submitted to, reviewed and affirmed by the court.

  • Death and Taxes

For the next step, any applicable tax forms must be completed and sent to the IRS after inventory is completed. Among these is the 706 form, which is required by the IRS for estate taxes. This must be completed within 9 months of death, unless an extension is granted. Also required is a final 1040 form, which must be completed for the year of death, as well as 1041 forms for any trusts that have been left behind.

Dependent on the final inventory of the estate and completion of necessary tax forms, taxes are then paid to the IRS. Once received, a letter will be issued stating that any and all taxes have been paid. However, this process can take a while, up to 1-2 years after death. Family members need not worry though, as an experienced attorney can handle this step, minimizing both expense and time, as well as helping to avoid serious consequences caused by any potential errors.

Final Accounting

Once everything with taxes and claims is settled, a final accounting is done to summarize affairs for the court. A final accounting includes the initial inventory, any and all earnings, sales, and bills and taxes paid. Payments received by heirs are itemized before payout, which happens once final accounting has been approved by the court. If any disputes arise, beneficiaries are able to challenge the executor before the court.

The Last Round Up

Once everything has been approved and signed off on, final accounting is submitted to the court for approval. They will then issue an order that stating that everything is good in terms of distributing things amongst heirs. At this time, heirs are paid according to the wishes outlined in the will, but if someone has died intestate, heirs are then paid according to those laws.

  • Distribution

Distribution is the final step in probate. This is when anything left to any and all heirs is given out. This can include anything from money to property, but all beneficiaries must sign a release and refunding bond before that can happen.

This concludes our quick look at the probate process. While it can be difficult to wrap your head around all the rules and regulations, we do hope that this has helped you to get a little better grasp on the whole thing!

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

 

 

Avoiding Probate -Why Should I?

We discussed the complexities of the probate process briefly in a previous article, now let’s spend some time and look at why, perhaps, you might want to avoid the probate process altogether. We may not know exactly why we should avoid the probate process, but there are, in fact, a couple of good reasons, so let’s take a look at them quickly now.

  • It can tie up property for months, potentially even up to a year!

In our society of give-it-to-me-now instant gratification, we don’t like to wait. Heck, we don’t even like waiting for our phone to boot up when we turn it on. Why in the world would we want to drag our heels on something that was promised to us in a will perhaps over a year ago? We wouldn’t. Simple as that. And when there are many more options available instead of probate, the decision to skip can not only make things go faster, but it can also make things much easier to deal with in the long-term.

The second reason is—

  • It’s expensive!

The truth of the matter is that the economy is getting better, but it’s never going to be where it used to in regard to the cost of things. And one thing is for sure, probate is expensive. In some states, fees can even take up 5% of an estate’s value. Sure, 5% doesn’t seem like a lot, but when it’s added into all those other expenses that come the aftermath of losing a loved one, it may be simpler (and cheaper) to opt out of probate altogether. Those involved will thank you, and your wallet will too. And let’s be honest, we all want a happy wallet, right?

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

Guardianship for Minors

No one wants to think that one day they’ll have to leave people they love behind. After all, it isn’t a pleasant thought, leaving anyone—let alone children who may or may not be old enough to understand what’s happening. We want to ensure that our children (or grandchildren) will be well taken care of, even if we ourselves won’t be there to see it through, and we can do that through what’s called a guardianship. We’ve covered it previously, but let me explain a bit further now.

There are a few ways in which a guardian can be named: either through a will or by the Surrogate Court. However, designation via Surrogate Court normally only takes place if a minor receives some kind of inheritance or proceeds from a lawsuit. In this case, any monies normally deposited in the County Surrogate’s Office Intermingled Minor Account will then be held until the child or children reach eighteen years of age.

There’s also a third option available. With this option, a guardian is also able to post a bond and invest any and all monies on behalf of the minor child or children. What’s more—if the minor is left any real property that the guardian wishes to sell, he or she must first get the court’s permission to do so.

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

Does a Power of Attorney Expire?

There’s a lot to find out there regarding power of attorney, but something you may not be aware of is whether or not it will eventually expire, so let’s do that right now.

What we do know about power of attorney is that it is given to a person so that they can make decisions on behalf of someone who cannot. We also know that there are different types of power of attorney documents for different needs a person may have (like a health care power of attorney). But it’s only natural to wonder if it expires. You may think that a power of attorney would expire after death (logically), and if so, you are correct.

Every power that was granted in a durable power of attorney ends upon the death of whoever created the document. At that time, the person (or agent) who had been appointed power of attorney has no further duties, rights, or responsibilities.

If there is a will, the executor named therein becomes responsible for gathering up any property owned at death and then distributing it according to the instructions in the will. If directions are left in a trust, however, then it is the successor trustee who is responsible for this part.

If there is no will or trust, but there is property to distribute, then it will be done according to intestate succession laws. These normally will follow a hierarchy or sorts that depends on the closeness of the relationship between the survivors and the deceased.

Intestate laws also control who is authorized to direct both how and where a person should be buried or cremated if he or she left no instructions regarding that matter. Again, there’s normally a hierarchy to follow, starting with the nearest relative.

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

When Family Meetings are Appropriate

No one wants to get old and not be able to perform even the easiest of tasks.  It can be hard on other family members too. That’s where setting up a family meeting can be a great help. It won’t be easy, but gathering together and discussing the situation at hand, as well as coming up with a game plan for handling certain situations will help ease the mental and emotional burden—not only of the loved one themselves, but of the family as a whole. Plus, a family meeting allows each person to know where the others stand and what their thoughts and feelings are on different situations, and it can diffuse any tension that might be brewing. It is also vital to include the elder themselves. If the topic of conversation is about them, they should be able to voice their own thoughts and feelings too, and they certainly have a right to do that.

All in all, a family meeting on the subject of an elderly loved one may not be the most optimistic thing to have, but having them in intervals can be very beneficial in the long-term–both for the elderly individual and the family unit as a whole.

 

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

Creating a Life Resource Plan

One of the many things that the Elder Law professionals at Scott Counsel specialize in is the creation of what’s known as a Life Resource Plan. But what is a Life Resource Plan? Simply put, it works to define, organize, prioritize and mobilize every single aspect for care for a loved one. That means that they discover your needs, group them into categories, rank them by priority, and then carry out the plan to provide you with the best care possible. While each and every Life Resource Plan will be different, based on an individual’s unique needs, there are three areas in which all of them are the same:

  • Making sure proper care is provided to the elder, whether at home or in a care center, in order to maintain the quality of life that he or she wants.
  • Locating both public and private sources to help pay for long-term care while resolving any issues that were created by a high cost of care.
  • And finally, it offers peace of mind that comes from the right choices are being made to make sure that those we love are safe and getting the proper care while managing to preserve family resources.

So, when do you enact such a plan? The perfect time is normally right after an event happens that leaves you worried or concerned for his or her well-being. Something like:

  • They receive a diagnosis of cancer, Alzheimer’s disease or some other chronic illness or condition
  • A catastrophic event, like a fall, mishap with medication, a fire, accident at home or a car wreck
  • You’ve discovered your loved one has been wandering off, is malnourished, dehydrated or simply unable to care for him or herself because of functional limitations.
  • A medical event, like a stroke, heart attack, or aneurysm
  • Burnout of the primary caregiver

While it is possible to wait until the person has an immediate need for a Resource Plan, waiting that long can put everyone hat a disadvantage. Creating one prior to actually needing it benefits everyone in several ways:

  • It helps to get your loved one the care that he or she needs right now, which can bring relief for caregivers.
  • It gets you plugged into a network of community services and resources
  • It increases the chances of your loved one being able to age at home, which can increase dignity and independence.
  • It gets all legal and financial affairs in order.
  • It enables the family to avoid asset protection crisis when your loved one makes the transition to long-term care outside the house.
  • It helps to empower you with a support network that assists in dealing with every legal, healthcare and long-term care transition your loved one will face for the rest of their lives.

Life Resource Plans are often right for the following people:

  • Senior individuals who are dealing with effects from aging, chronic illnesses such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, stroke, or dementia, or any disabilities from accidents or illness.
  • Cognitively, emotionally, or developmentally disabled persons, regardless of age.
  • Those people of any age who have been permanently disabled due to accident or illness.

Finally, let’s look at the benefits a Life Resource Plan provides:

  • The senior or disabled loved one gets the proper care faster, as well as having as much independence as possible for as long as possible and the ability to age with dignity.
  • Families receive help in getting the right care and resources, and guidance with legal, health care and long-term decisions as the senior’s condition progresses, and security due to the spouse and dependents being provided for.
  • A Life Resource Plan provides reassurance that the elder will enjoy the best quality of life he or she can until the end.

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

 

What is an Adult Day Care Program?

We’ve all heard and probably made use of day care for children at some point in our lives, but something that is likely unfamiliar to us is the concept of Adult Day Care. It’s a real thing, and just like regular day care does for our children, Adult Day Care allows older adults in our lives to be looked after while we’re tending to some of the other important things in life needing our attention, like jobs.

By the simplest definition, Adult Day Care Centers are able to provide both care and companionship for older adults who might need help or supervision during the day. They can also provide a much-needed sense of relief to both family members and caregivers alike, by letting them work, handle personal affairs, or simply relax, all while still having the peace of mind that their loved one is being well taken care of. The goals these places strive to reach include delaying or preventing institutionalization by offering a type of alternative care, enhancing self-esteem and encouraging socialization. There are two types of day care as well—adult social day care and adult day health care. The former offers much in the way of social activities, meals, recreation and some health-related services. The latter, on the other hand, provides more intensive health, therapeutic, and social services to those who have serious medical conditions or who are at risk of needing nursing home care.

Some services can include the following, and participants do so on a scheduled basis:
• Counseling
• Education
• Evening care
• Exercise
• Health screening
• Meals
• Medical care
• Physical therapy
• Recreation
• Respite care
• Socialization
• Supervision
• Transportation
• Medical management

Most Adult Day Care Centers are open during normal business hours and may be a standalone operation or located within senior centers, nursing facilities, places of faith, hospitals, or schools. The staff might do such things as monitor medication, serve both hot meals and snacks, perform physical or occupational therapy, and arrange any social activities. They can also help to arrange for transportation to and from the center.

Keep in mind that not all states will license or regulate adult day care centers. There could be a lot of difference between centers; because of this, it’s important to learn as much as possible about each center near you. And if you can, visit the ones closest to you and talk with any staff or other families that use the centers to see if it is right for your situation. You might also wish to check whether your state has an adult day care association.

The costs for such services can range from as low as $25 to over $100 a day, but this depends on the types of services the facility offers, the type of reimbursement, and the geographic region. Since an adult day care isn’t usually covered by Medicare, you might be able to receive financial assistance through either a federal or state program (like Medicaid, Older Americans Act, or the Veteran’s Health Administration).

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.

Cost of Care—Who’s Responsible?

Getting older brings with it a host of not only problems, but questions too. Where do I turn for help? How much is this going to cost? Who’s paying for it?
The truth is that there are laws in place that are called filial laws. They state that the adult children are responsible for the long-term care costs for their parents. Though, it should be noted that filial laws are quite rarely enforced. Nevertheless, let’s take a more in-depth look.

Filial Responsibility Laws

Over half the states in the country have what are called, “filial responsibility” laws. The rules set in place by these laws do not apply if someone qualifies for Medicare. In the event that the person does qualify, then Medicare will pay the bills. However, if the person cannot pay for care prior to getting help from Medicare, then the children might be required to pay, though many of them also take the adult child’s ability to pay into account as well.

The purpose of these laws is to lessen the burden the patient places on the state’s welfare system, and many allow long-term care providers to sue for payment, but still others also make failing to care for a parent a criminal offense.

However, as we said, oftentimes these filial laws are not enforced. This is simply because many elders who cannot pay for care on their own are able to get federal help through Medicaid, and federal law does not allow them to go after adult children. What’s more—many people who need help paying for nursing home care will often qualify for Medicaid, and it’s quite abnormal for someone to have a hefty bill prior to qualifying for Medicaid. Filial laws often don’t have any affect on families simply due to the fact there are so few opportunities to apply them.
In a number of states, all of the following things would need to hold true for a child to be held responsible for a parent’s cost of care:

• The parent got care in a state that has a filial responsibility law.
• The parent did not qualify for Medicaid when he or she was getting care.
• The parent does not have the money needed to pay the bill.
• The child has the money to pay the bill.
• The caregiver makes the choice to sue the child.

If you or someone you love needs assistance with Elder Care law issues, call 856-281-3131. Let us help ease your stress and give you a plan.